The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations by authors Ori Brafman and Rod Beckstrom explores the contrasting dynamics between centralized and decentralized organizations.

In the article How to Be Both Multisite and Missional—at Any Church Cont’d, by Michael Beck, the author continues from part one of an article by the same name, by exploring the concept of the "blended ecology," emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between traditional or "inherited" church models and innovative or "fresh expressions" of church.

In the Michigan District, LCMS podcast episode titled "Church Partnerships – Part 6: Hub-and-Spoke Model," Rev. Randy Johnson discusses the hub-and-spoke model as an innovative approach to church partnerships.

This model involves a central "hub" church collaborating with multiple "spoke" churches or ministries, enabling resource sharing, coordinated efforts, and mutual support.

The Starfish and the Spirit: Unleashing the Leadership Potential of Churches and Organizations by Lance Ford, Rob Wegner, and Alan Hirsch explores decentralized leadership models for church organizations.